{"id":3041,"date":"2012-04-30T19:19:25","date_gmt":"2012-04-30T19:19:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orangutan.com\/?p=3041"},"modified":"2012-04-30T19:19:25","modified_gmt":"2012-04-30T19:19:25","slug":"conservation-news-the-epas-most-important-2012-decision-could-be-over-palm-oil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orangutan.com\/conservation-news-the-epas-most-important-2012-decision-could-be-over-palm-oil\/","title":{"rendered":"Conservation News: The EPA\u2019s Most Important 2012 Decision Could Be Over Palm Oil"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/orangutan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/2012-03-28T140637Z_01_JAK07_RTRIDSP_3_INDONESIA-ENVIRONMENT.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3044\" title=\"2012-03-28T140637Z_01_JAK07_RTRIDSP_3_INDONESIA-ENVIRONMENT\" src=\"https:\/\/orangutan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/2012-03-28T140637Z_01_JAK07_RTRIDSP_3_INDONESIA-ENVIRONMENT.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"296\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/orangutan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/2012-03-28T140637Z_01_JAK07_RTRIDSP_3_INDONESIA-ENVIRONMENT.jpg 296w, https:\/\/orangutan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/2012-03-28T140637Z_01_JAK07_RTRIDSP_3_INDONESIA-ENVIRONMENT-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Which country is the world\u2019s third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, after the United States and China?<\/p>\n<p>The answer, at least in some recent years, has been Indonesia. That\u2019s surprising. It\u2019s not the world\u2019s third-largest economy. It\u2019s not an industrial powerhouse. But Indonesia has been clearing its vast rain forests and burning through its peatlands of late, releasing huge stores of carbon into the air. One of the big culprits here has been the country\u2019s fast-growing production of palm oil, an edible vegetable oil that\u2019s increasingly being harvested to make biodiesel fuel for cars and trucks in Europe and elsewhere.<\/p>\n<p>This isn\u2019t just a bit of environmental trivia. Currently, there\u2019s a fierce battle in the United States over whether the Environmental Protection Agency should allow more diesel made from palm oil to be used by U.S. refineries. Agribusiness groups are lobbying for its use. Environmentalists are trying to block it \u2014 with some saying this could be the EPA\u2019s most important climate-change decision of the year.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s the backstory: In 2007, Congress expanded a requirement for U.S. refineries to blend a certain amount of \u201crenewable fuel\u201d in with their gasoline. Ethanol or biofuels could count. They just had to be 20 percent cleaner than traditional fossil fuels. And, in January, the EPA released a preliminary analysis suggesting that biodiesel and renewable diesel made from palm oil didn\u2019t quite make the cut, thanks in part to the deforestation effect. (Over the course of their lifecycle, the EPA found, palm-oil fuels emitted between 11 percent to 17 percent fewer greenhouse gases than regular gasoline.)<\/p>\n<p>But the EPA hasn\u2019t fully made up its mind yet. The agency is gathering comments on its analysis until Friday, April 27. And industry groups from Indonesia, Malaysia, and the United States have sharply criticized the agency\u2019s analysis, with the American Palm Oil Council claiming that the EPA\u2019s conclusion was \u201cbased on faulty data and erroneous assumptions.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>What do they mean? Robert Shapiro, a former Clinton administration economist who now does analysis for business groups, argued in his comment that it\u2019s \u201chighly speculative\u201d to calculate how, exactly, the production of biofuels will drive deforestation. Efforts to figure out how biofuels indirectly affect land use \u2014 by, say, displacing cooking-oil production elsewhere \u2014 are still a relatively new area of science. If you remove this from the analysis, Shapiro argued, then palm-oil fuels look considerably cleaner and easily qualify as a renewable fuel. What\u2019s more, he noted, palm-oil producers will likely increase their yields on existing lands in the future, which means they\u2019ll cut down fewer forests.<\/p>\n<p>Palm-oil skeptics aren\u2019t buying it. In a conference call with reporters on Thursday, Jeremy Martin, a biofuels expert at the Union of Concerned Scientists, argued that the EPA\u2019s analysis actually understimates the destructive impact of palm-oil production in Indonesia and Malaysia. His group\u2019s comments to the EPA can be found here.<br \/>\n<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>For one thing, Martin explained, much of the forest area that\u2019s being cleared for palm oil is peatland, whose soils store considerable amounts of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The EPA assumed that only around 9 to 13 percent of future palm-oil production would occur on peatland, whereas a new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found the number was already above 50 percent. And, Martin said, the EPA was too optimistic about the ability of countries like Indonesia to enforce their forestry laws.<\/p>\n<p>When all of these factors are taken into account, said Martin, \u201cthe emissions of palm oil based biofuels substantially exceed the emissions from conventional petroleum diesel.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s a lot at stake in getting this right. Palm oil is a potentially lucrative industry for developing countries like Indonesia and Malaysia. But Indonesia\u2019s peatlands also contain an enormous amount of carbon-dioxide. (To get a sense for the scale here, one particularly large peatland fire in Kalimantan in 1997 released more total greenhouse-gas emissions than the entire United States over that period.) And, according to the PNAS study, peatland emissions from palm-oil production are expected to surge in the years ahead. Palm-oil producers are also razing habitats for elephants, tigers, rhinos, and orangutans on various islands in Southeast Asia.<\/p>\n<p>Some green activists have placed their hopes in sustainable palm-oil production to navigate these concerns \u2014 after all, poorer communities in Southeast Asia aren\u2019t just going to agree to an outright ban. But, increasingly, attention has shifted toward wealthy countries that are artificially inflating palm-oil production with government mandates on biofuels.<\/p>\n<p>The EPA decision will help determine whether the United States becomes a major buyer. But, for now, the biggest market for palm-oil based fuels is still the European Union, which has a law requiring 10 percent of all transportation fuel to come from renewable sources by 2020. The problem with this rule, said Chris Malins of the International Council on Clean Transportation, is that the European Union never considered the indirect deforestation effects from biofuels. The science on this only really emerged in 2008 or so, after the E.U. law was largely crafted.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat Europe did was basically consistent with the best life-cycle emissions analyses of the past,\u201d said Malins. \u201cBut,\u201d he added, \u201cEurope recognizes that there\u2019s an issue here, and there\u2019s an ongoing process to change that.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Which means that the EPA\u2019s decision here in the United States could very well influence how governments around the world think about palm oil. In a quiet year for climate policy, that could stand out as a major move.<\/p>\n<p>This article was written by Brad Plumer and appeared on\u00a0and is courtesy of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/ezra-klein\/post\/the-epas-most-important-decision-this-year-might-be-over-palm-oil\/2012\/04\/27\/gIQAn77LlT_blog.html\">WONKBLOG<\/a>.\u00a0 Photo courtesy of reuters.Title edit by Tom.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Which country is the world\u2019s third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, after the United States and China? The answer, at least in some recent years, has been Indonesia. That\u2019s surprising. It\u2019s not the world\u2019s third-largest economy. It\u2019s not an industrial powerhouse. But Indonesia has been clearing its vast rain forests and burning through its peatlands of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news-center"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Conservation News: The EPA\u2019s Most Important 2012 Decision Could Be Over Palm Oil - Orangutan Conservancy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/orangutan.com\/conservation-news-the-epas-most-important-2012-decision-could-be-over-palm-oil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Conservation News: The EPA\u2019s Most Important 2012 Decision Could Be Over Palm Oil - Orangutan Conservancy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Which country is the world\u2019s third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, after the United States and China? The answer, at least in some recent years, has been Indonesia. That\u2019s surprising. It\u2019s not the world\u2019s third-largest economy. It\u2019s not an industrial powerhouse. 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